基于引文分析的农业科研人员外文文献需求与保障研究

利用引文分析方法对中国农科院科研人员引用外文文献的类型进行了统计分析,并对引用量最大的外文期刊的品种数量、学科、语种、出版机构及保障情况也进行了分析。结果表明：科研人员引用的外文文献以期刊比例最高,其次为图书及会议录;引用外文期刊的数量符合布拉德福定律;引用外文期刊的学科非常广泛,主要以生物科学、农业为主,基础医学等也占有较高的比例;科研人员的外文期刊品种数满足率达90%,NSTL印本保障率为95.5%,网络版全文保障率,本馆与NSTL订购之和为60.1%。     

Use of regression analysis for converting quicktest‐measured lime and fertilizer recommendations into actual values based on longer equilibration times

Abstract

Soil tests should produce data useful for making accurate lime and fertilizer recommendations aimed at optimizing chemical conditions for plant growth or providing available nutrient levels sufficient for maximum yields. In order to attain these objectives, we believe, quicktest‐computed rates have to be made equivalent to actual values through a regression adjustment. Although it may not be most desirable to use this adjustment for each new population of soils, it may be worse to try to use a function derived from one group of soils on a second group not well represented by the first.     

不同季节、不同出栏日龄对樱桃谷鸭蛋氨酸需要量的影响

本研究结合生产实践，采用大群生产试验方法，对标准化饲养的2847栋鸭舍，同源樱桃谷商品肉鸭2925万只，按统一饲养方式和管理程序进行生产试验。试验日粮分为前期（1～19d）、中期（20～29d）和后期（30d～出栏）3个阶段，记录各饲养阶段肉鸭的采食量、增重、死亡率。结果表明：春、夏、秋、冬肉鸭氨基酸需要量的析因模型分别为：春季：METR=0．0050BGW＋0．1818W0．75；夏李：METR：O．0055BGW＋0．1554W0．75；秋季：METR=0．0050BGW＋0．1945W0．75；冬李：METR=0．0038BGW＋0．2651W0．75。春、夏、秋、冬四个季节肉鸭的蛋氨酸维持需要分别为每千克代谢体重0．1818、0．1554、0．1945、0．265lg；肉鸭每增重lg体重需要蛋氨酸为0．005、0．0055、0．005、0．0038g。冬季肉鸭摄入的蛋氨酸用于维持需要的量高于其它季节，以夏季最少，春季与秋季肉鸭用于维持需要的蛋氨酸量相当。而肉鸭冬季用于单位增重所需的蛋氨酸最少，其他季节相近。研究同时表明，不同的出栏日龄肉鸭增重lg所需的蛋氨酸量不同，随着肉鸭出栏日龄的延长，肉鸭每增重1g所需的蛋氨酸的需要量逐渐提高。     

Performance of simple irrigation scheduling calendars based on average weather data for annual ryegrass

Poor irrigation management in pastures can lead to yield and quality reduction as well as loss of income through extra pumping and leaching of nitrate fertiliser. A number of irrigation scheduling techniques of varying levels of sophistication have been developed over the years to address limited irrigation water availability and maximise productivity. Despite this, the adoption of irrigation scheduling tools by farmers remains low. The objective of this study was to assess the use of simple irrigation scheduling calendars based on average weather data to improve irrigation management in ryegrass. The calibrated Soil Water Balance (SWB) model was used to generate simple irrigation calendars and assess effectiveness for different scenarios by mechanistically simulating water dynamics and pasture growth. Scheduling irrigation using the calendars gave similar irrigation applications, water losses and yields compared to a more scientific real-time scheduling (in response to soil water depletion by the crop). While site-specific irrigation scheduling calendars can easily be generated by consultants and irrigators, even simpler monthly estimates of average daily water use can also be useful. Application of calendars by farmers is encouraged to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of irrigated pastures, if real-time irrigation scheduling is not employed.     

盘江黄牛及其杂交牛育肥中干物质、粗蛋白、综合净能需要研究

将３６ 头盘江黄牛及其杂交牛分成１２ 组，采用不同的日粮，进行两期育肥试验，得到不同的增重水平和实际营养物质摄入量。用各组实际采食的干物质（ ＤＭ） 、粗蛋白（ＣＰ） 、综合净能（ＮＥｍｆ） 与我国试行的《肉牛饲养标准》进行比较。结果表明，除干物质与标准相差较多（ － ６ ．３ ％ ） 外，粗蛋白和综合净能与标准相当接近（ 仅相差－ １ ．５ ％ 和２ ．８ ％ ） ，说明盘江黄牛及其杂交牛在育肥中的营养需要基本与标准相符，在配制日粮时，可以参考我国的《肉牛饲养标准》。     

Winter Hardiness, Frost Resistance and Vernalization Requirement of European Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera) Cultivars within the Last 20 Years

Cultivars of European winter oilseed rape cultivated in the second half of the 1970s and in the mid-1990s were screened for their winter hardiness, frost resistance and vernalization requirement. A strong correlation between winter hardiness and frost resistance in both groups of rape has been noticed. Among oilseed rapes cultivated in the late 1970s, low erucic acid and particularly double zero cultivars were less winter hard than high erucic acid cultivars. Double zero cultivars were characterized by lower frost resistance and lower vernalization requirement. A significant correlation between vernalization requirement and both frost resistance and field survival has also been shown. Frost resistance of the 1990s (double zero) cultivars was higher than that of double low cultivars from the late 1970s. Their vernalization requirement was still small and did not correlate with either frost resistance or winter hardiness. It was concluded that reduction in the content of glucosinolates in the 1970s involved decrease in winter hardiness and vernalization requirement of cultivars. During the following 20 years winter hardiness of double low cultivars has been improved, but vernalization requirements have not changed. As a result no correlation between winter hardiness and vernalization requirement in contemporary canola cultivars has been observed.     

Dietary protein requirement of juvenile marbled spinefoot rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus

Rabbitfish are an Indo‐Pacific herbivorous marine fish that have good market demand and are suitable for aquaculture. The present work was performed to determine dietary protein inclusion necessary for optimal growth of juvenile rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus. Six diets with increasing levels of protein (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 g crude protein 100 g^?1 feed) and similar levels of gross energy (20 MJ kg^?1) were prepared and offered to S. rivulatus juveniles maintained in triplicate cages placed in two large water tanks for 49 days. Growth progressively improved with dietary protein for fish offered diets from 10% to 40% protein inclusion. Diets with greater protein levels did not improve fish growth beyond that observed in the 40% group. Daily feed intake, apparent protein utilization and feed conversion ratio decreased as dietary protein increased. Protein efficiency (PE) was greatest (1.47) in fish offered the 10% protein diet and least in fish offered the 60% protein diet (0.80). No differences in PE were observed among all other treatments (20–50%). Results of the present work suggest that minimum dietary requirement for suitable growth of S. rivulatus juveniles is 40% protein when digestible energy of the diet is 16–18 MJ kg^?1.     

基子水分敏感指数的作物水分生态适应性评价

作物与水分的关系受到越来越多的关注.对作物水分生态适应性的科学评价有利于为制定合理的节水灌溉制度、确定适宜的灌水定额、作物布局以及种植结构调整提供依据.评价作物水分生态适应性应体现水分与作物产量的关系,基于这样的考虑.引入作物水分敏感指数(λi)的概念,并将其与作物各生育时期需水量、有效降水量合理地联系起来,计算出作物水分生态适应性度(WEAJ),以此为依据评价了北京地区冬小麦、夏玉米的水分生态适应性.结果表明:冬小麦、夏玉米的水分生态适应度分别为0.374和0.594,夏玉米的水分生态适应性强于冬小麦.评价体系综合反应了作物需水耗水特征、作物生育期内降需水平衡特征及水分与作物产量的关系,方法科学合理,适用于其他地区和作物.